absence of kidney造句

• It is seen mostly in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease, but can occur in the absence of kidney failure.
• The "'major "'criteria include liver disease with portal hypertension; kidney failure; the absence of shock, infection, recent treatment with medications that affect the function of the kidney ( nephrotoxins ), and fluid losses; the absence of sustained improvement in kidney function despite treatment with 1.5 litres of intravenous normal saline; the absence of proteinuria ( protein in the urine ); and, the absence of kidney disease or obstruction of kidney outflow as seen on ultrasound.